The Grossman Law Firm, LLC

Results En Español
Call For a FREE Consultation
(732) 625-9494

Navigation

Gathering Evidence After a Car Accident in New Jersey

As a driver in New Jersey, you hope never to be involved in a car accident. But if the unfortunate does happen, knowing how to properly gather evidence at the scene can make a huge difference in protecting your rights and ensuring you receive fair compensation. At the Grossman Law Firm, we’ve helped countless clients […]

Steps to take after a rideshare accident

  Getting hit by an Uber or Lyft driver can feel overwhelming. You’re dealing with injuries, insurance companies, and a rideshare company with deep pockets and lawyers ready to minimize your claim. New Jersey’s rideshare laws add layers of complexity that most accident victims don’t understand. Crashes are common on New Jersey roads. The New […]

$3,255,000 | DWI Rear-End Collision | New Jersey

A drunk driver crashed into the back of our client’s vehicle. The at-fault driver pled guilty to DWI. The collision caused life-changing injuries that required years of treatment.

Injuries: Multiple disc herniations, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), radiculopathy

Treatment: Pain management, physical and occupational therapy, multiple cervical and lumbar spine surgeries, spinal cord stimulator implants

Experts Retained: Toxicologist, economist, vocational expert, accident reconstructionist, neurologist, life care planner, neurosurgeon, pain management physician, orthopedic spine surgeon, Dram Shop expert

Outcome: Global settlement of $3,255,000 reached just before jury selection.

Key Takeaway: Drunk driving cases with permanent spinal injuries can lead to multi-million-dollar settlements. Comprehensive expert testimony covering medical, economic, and vocational impacts strengthens the case.

This will close in 0 seconds

$3,650,000 | Truck Accident | New Jersey

Truck accident settlement.

This will close in 0 seconds

$2,750,000 | Workplace Injury | New Jersey

Work site electrical burn Injuries

SETTLEMENT

This will close in 0 seconds

$2,500,000 | Slip and Fall (Foot Crushed Under Equipment) | New Jersey

During his shift, our client slipped and fell on a stainless-steel floor. His right foot became trapped under roughly 40 to 48 pounds of equipment. The injuries required ten surgeries and two steroid epidural procedures. He also pursued a third-party liability suit alongside his workers’ compensation claim.

Injuries: Right foot, right leg, and lower back injuries

Treatment: Two steroid epidural procedures, ten surgical procedures

Outcome: Settlement of $2,500,000.

Key Takeaway: Workplace slip and fall cases with crush injuries can produce multi-million-dollar results when a third-party claim exists. Filing both a workers’ comp claim and a third-party lawsuit maximizes total recovery.

This will close in 0 seconds

$2,000,000 | Car Accident - Underinsured Motorist

Car Accident - Underinsured Motorist

VERDICT

This will close in 0 seconds

$2,000,000 | Bus Accident

Bus Accident

SETTLEMENT

This will close in 0 seconds

$1,980,000 | Auto Accident

Auto Accident

SETTLEMENT

This will close in 0 seconds

$1,500,000 | Rear-End Collision (Mother & Daughter) | New Jersey

A mother and her daughter were stopped in traffic when another driver slammed into the back of their vehicle. Both suffered severe neck and back injuries with radiating pain.

Injuries: Severe neck pain with radiating symptoms into both arms, low back pain radiating into left leg

Treatment: Mother: seven epidural steroid injections, one surgery. Daughter: three epidural steroid injections, one surgery

Experts Retained: Two neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeon, billing experts, pain management physician, economist

Outcome: Settlement of $1,500,000 for both clients.

Key Takeaway: When multiple family members are injured in the same crash, combined claims can increase the total recovery. Separate medical documentation for each victim is essential.

This will close in 0 seconds

$1,500,000 | Vehicle Struck by Forklift | New Jersey

Our client’s vehicle was struck by a forklift at a worksite. She suffered traumatic injuries to her lower back, liver hematomas, PTSD, a cognitive disorder from a closed head injury, and post-concussion syndrome.

Injuries: Lower back injuries, traumatic liver hematomas, PTSD, cognitive disorder secondary to closed head injury, post-concussion syndrome

Treatment: Extensive pain management, two steroid epidural injections, psychological therapy

Outcome: Settlement of $1,500,000.

Key Takeaway: Forklift accidents involving head injuries and cognitive damage carry high case value. The combination of physical, cognitive, and psychological injuries creates multiple categories of damages.

This will close in 0 seconds

$1,500,000 | Wrongful Death (Head-On Collision) | New Jersey

The defendant was driving in the wrong direction and struck our client’s husband and father head-on. Both vehicles burst into flames. The victim had to be pulled from the wreckage. He suffered severe third-degree burns and brain damage and passed away five days later. Our firm represented the widow and adult children.

Injuries: Severe third-degree burns, brain damage (fatal)

Treatment: Emergency medical care (victim passed away five days after the accident)

Outcome: Settlement of $1,500,000 for the widow and adult children.

Key Takeaway: Wrongful death cases arising from head-on collisions with clear driver negligence can produce seven-figure settlements. Representing the surviving family ensures they receive compensation for lost financial support, companionship, and emotional suffering.

This will close in 0 seconds

$1,000,000 | Car Accident | New Jersey

Car Accident
Max Insurance Policy Limit

SETTLEMENT

This will close in 0 seconds

$1,000,000 | Intersection Collision | New Jersey

The defendant ran a traffic signal and crashed into our client’s vehicle as he traveled through an intersection. The impact caused severe injuries to his neck, back, and right leg.

Injuries: Severe neck, back, and right leg injuries

Treatment: Three lumbar epidural steroid injections, lumbar interbody fusion

Outcome: Settlement of $1,000,000.

Key Takeaway: Accidents caused by drivers running red lights often produce strong liability. When paired with fusion surgery, these cases can reach seven-figure settlements.

This will close in 0 seconds

$980,000 | Commercial Vehicle Rear-End (Mother & Daughter) | Middlesex County, NJ

A mother and daughter were completely stopped when a commercial vehicle slammed into the rear of their car. The mother suffered severe multi-system injuries including urinary incontinence and depression. The daughter suffered neck and back injuries with chronic headaches.

Injuries: Mother: neck, back, shoulder injuries, multiple lumbar and cervical disc herniations and bulges, urinary incontinence, depression. Daughter: neck and back injuries, frequent headaches

Treatment: Mother: five epidural steroid injections, six surgical procedures. Daughter: two epidural steroid injections

Outcome: Settlement of $980,000.

Key Takeaway: Commercial vehicle accidents often cause more severe injuries due to the size and weight of the vehicle. Injuries affecting quality of life like incontinence and depression add substantial value to the claim.

This will close in 0 seconds

$950,000 | Dump Truck Ran Traffic Signal | Middlesex County, NJ

A commercial dump truck ran a traffic signal on Route 18 in Old Bridge and struck the passenger side of our client’s vehicle. He suffered severe neck and back injuries with multiple disc problems.

Injuries: Multiple lumbar and cervical disc bulges and herniations

Treatment: Seven epidural steroid injections, lumbar fusion

Outcome: Settlement of $950,000.

Key Takeaway: Dump trucks running traffic signals create extremely dangerous situations. The force of a dump truck impact often causes more extensive spinal damage than a standard passenger vehicle collision.

This will close in 0 seconds

$895,000 | Rear-End Collision | Passaic County, NJ

Our client was hit on the rear driver’s side. She suffered severe neck pain radiating down her arms and lower back pain radiating down her legs.

Injuries: Severe neck and back injuries with radiating pain to arms and legs

Treatment: Extensive pain management, six epidural steroid injections, anterior endoscopic discectomy at C4-C5 and C5-C6

Outcome: Settlement of $895,000.

Key Takeaway: Cervical disc injuries requiring surgery at multiple spinal levels carry high case value. Radiating pain to the limbs shows the full scope of nerve damage.

This will close in 0 seconds

$875,000 | Rear-End Collision | Staten Island, NY

Our client was stopped at a red light on Staten Island when the defendant rear-ended her vehicle. She suffered cervical disc injuries and had to take an extended leave from work.

Injuries: Cervical disc herniation, radiculopathies, head and back injuries

Treatment: One cervical epidural steroid injection, cervical discectomy

Outcome: Settlement of $875,000.

Key Takeaway: Lost wages from extended work absences add significant value to a case. Even a single surgical procedure on the cervical spine can support a high six-figure result.

This will close in 0 seconds

$860,000 | Trucking Accident | New Jersey

Trucking Accident

SETTLEMENT

This will close in 0 seconds

$850,000 | Pedestrian Struck in Crosswalk by Commercial Vehicle | New Jersey

Our client was walking in a crosswalk when the defendant, driving a commercial vehicle, made a left turn and struck her. She suffered multiple fractures including her pelvis, sacrum, ribs, and right shoulder. She required three complex surgeries and could no longer live independently.

Injuries: Bilateral inferior pubic ramus fractures, bilateral superior ramus fractures, comminuted displaced sacrum fracture extending to sacroiliac joint, fractured ribs, distal humeral head fracture on right shoulder

Treatment: Three extensive and complex surgical procedures, home health aide care

Outcome: Settlement of $850,000.

Key Takeaway: Pedestrian accidents involving commercial vehicles often result in catastrophic injuries. When the victim can no longer live independently, the costs of future home health care become a major component of the claim.

This will close in 0 seconds

$840,000 | Rear-End Collision | New Jersey

Our client was rear-ended and suffered serious injuries to both her lower back and neck. She required multiple surgeries to address the damage.

Injuries: Serious lower back and neck injuries

Treatment: Six cervical epidural steroid injections, three surgical procedures including corrective cervical discectomy and posterior lumbar interbody fusion

Outcome: Settlement of $840,000.

Key Takeaway: Cases requiring both cervical and lumbar surgery often produce higher settlements because they show widespread damage from a single collision.

This will close in 0 seconds

$750,000 | Forklift Ran Over Foot (Amputation) | Union County, NJ

During work, our client’s left foot was run over and crushed by a forklift. He sustained multiple fractures and ultimately required a partial foot amputation. He now suffers from phantom pain, muscle cramping, and can no longer work or drive.

Injuries: Crush injury to left foot, multiple fractures, left foot tarsometatarsal amputation, phantom pain, muscle cramping, prolonged right hip pain

Treatment: Amputation and follow-up care

Experts Retained: Material handling safety expert, orthopedic surgeon, vocational expert, economist

Outcome: Settlement of $750,000.

Key Takeaway: Workplace amputations are among the most serious on-the-job injuries. A material handling safety expert can prove the forklift operator or employer violated safety protocols, establishing third-party liability.

This will close in 0 seconds

$787,500 | Trip and Fall on Defective Sidewalk | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client was walking on the defendant’s property when he tripped over a section of faulty, uneven sidewalk. He suffered significant injuries to his left shoulder and left wrist. He lost his job and could no longer perform routine daily tasks.

Injuries: Left shoulder and left wrist injuries

Treatment: Corrective surgery on shoulder and wrist

Experts Retained: Economist, vocational expert, engineering expert, orthopedic surgeon

Outcome: Settlement of $787,500.

Key Takeaway: Defective sidewalk cases require an engineering expert to prove the surface was faulty and the property owner was responsible for maintenance. When injuries cause job loss, an economist and vocational expert can calculate the lifetime financial impact.

This will close in 0 seconds

$750,000 | Dog Bite (Facial Disfigurement) | Union County, NJ

Our client was an invited guest at the defendant’s home when the defendant’s dog jumped on her and viciously bit her face. The attack detached a portion of her top lip, tore the skin between her mouth and nose, and punctured her cheek. She needed eight surgeries to repair the damage.

Injuries: Detached portion of top lip, torn skin between mouth and nose, punctured cheek, permanent facial scarring and disfigurement

Treatment: Eight surgical procedures to repair left upper lip

Experts Retained: Plastic surgeon

Outcome: Settlement of $750,000.

Key Takeaway: Dog bite cases involving permanent facial scarring carry extremely high value because the disfigurement is visible and lifelong. A plastic surgeon can testify about both the procedures performed and the permanent nature of the scarring.

This will close in 0 seconds

$735,000 | Rear-End Collision (Uber Driver) | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client was driving for Uber and stopped at a red light when the defendant rear-ended him. He suffered injuries across his cervical, lumbar, and thoracic spine, plus a torn ACL.

Injuries: Disc herniations on cervical, lumbar, and thoracic spine, lumbar disc bulge, ACL tear in left knee

Treatment: Three epidural steroid injections, knee surgery, neck surgery

Experts Retained: Plastic surgeon, two orthopedic surgeons, billing expert

Outcome: Global settlement of $735,000.

Key Takeaway: Rideshare drivers injured on the job have the right to pursue personal injury claims. Multiple injury sites across the spine and knee can increase the total settlement.

This will close in 0 seconds

$670,000 | Tractor Trailer Rear-End Collision | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client had come to a complete stop in traffic when a tractor trailer traveling behind him failed to stop in time and crashed into the rear of his vehicle. He suffered a broken nose and multiple disc herniations.

Injuries: Non-displaced fracture of right and left nasal bones, lumbar disc herniations, lumbar radiculopathy

Treatment: Four extensive surgical procedures including lumbar interbody fusion, lumbar laminectomy, facetectomy and foraminotomy, and Smith Robinson Osteotomy

Experts Retained: Orthopedic spine surgeon, billing expert

Outcome: Settlement of $670,000.

Key Takeaway: Tractor trailers take much longer to stop than passenger vehicles. When a truck driver fails to maintain a safe following distance, the results can be devastating. Multiple spinal surgeries reflect that level of damage.

This will close in 0 seconds

$555,000 | Motor Vehicle Accident | New Jersey

Motor Vehicle Accident

SETTLEMENT

This will close in 0 seconds

$500,000 | Struck by Fencing Dislodged by Backhoe | Hudson County, NJ

Our client had come to a complete stop in traffic when a tractor trailer traveling behind him failed to stop in time and crashed into the rear of his vehicle. He suffered a broken nose and multiple disc herniations.

Injuries: Non-displaced fracture of right and left nasal bones, lumbar disc herniations, lumbar radiculopathy

Treatment: Four extensive surgical procedures including lumbar interbody fusion, lumbar laminectomy, facetectomy and foraminotomy, and Smith Robinson Osteotomy

Experts Retained: Orthopedic spine surgeon, billing expert

Outcome: Settlement of $670,000.

Key Takeaway: Tractor trailers take much longer to stop than passenger vehicles. When a truck driver fails to maintain a safe following distance, the results can be devastating. Multiple spinal surgeries reflect that level of damage.

This will close in 0 seconds

$500,000 | Rear-End Collision | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client was slowing down for traffic when her vehicle was violently struck from behind. She suffered lumbar disc herniations and developed cauda equina syndrome with bladder dysfunction.

Injuries: Lumbar disc herniations, cauda equina syndrome, bladder dysfunction, severe radiculopathy

Treatment: Lumbar laminotomy, foraminotomy, and discectomy

Experts Retained: Orthopedic surgeon, urologist

Outcome: Settlement of $500,000.

Key Takeaway: Cauda equina syndrome is a serious spinal condition that can cause bladder and bowel problems. Cases involving this diagnosis carry strong medical urgency and settlement value.

This will close in 0 seconds

$500,000 | Two Separate Car Accidents Combined | Essex County, NJ

Our client was involved in two separate car accidents. In the first, she was rear-ended while stopped in traffic. In the second, a driver made an improper left turn and collided with her vehicle. The second crash made her first injuries worse and caused carpal tunnel syndrome.

Injuries: Neck, back, bilateral arm and leg injuries, carpal tunnel syndrome

Treatment: Three epidural steroid injections, three surgical procedures

Experts Retained: Orthopedic surgeon, billing expert

Outcome: Global settlement of $500,000 for both cases combined.

Key Takeaway: When a second accident worsens injuries from an earlier crash, both cases can be combined for a single settlement. Documenting the connection between injuries and each accident is critical.

This will close in 0 seconds

$500,000 | Commercial Vehicle Rear-End (During Employment) | Middlesex County, NJ

Our client was stopped at a red light during work when a commercial vehicle negligently rear-ended her. She suffered severe neck and back injuries with radiating pain, along with adjustment disorder and depression. She had to go on disability.

Injuries: Severe neck pain radiating to right shoulder and arm, severe lower back pain radiating to right leg, adjustment disorder, depression

Treatment: Conservative treatment with orthopedic care

Experts Retained: Orthopedic surgeon

Outcome: Settlement of $500,000.

Key Takeaway: Being hit by a commercial vehicle while working creates both a personal injury claim and potential workers’ compensation issues. Depression and disability caused by the accident are compensable damages.

This will close in 0 seconds

$495,000 | Rear-End Collision | New Jersey

Our client was traveling south when the defendant struck her vehicle from behind. The collision caused serious spinal injuries that required complex corrective surgery.

Injuries: Lumbar and cervical spine injuries

Treatment: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation

Outcome: Settlement of $495,000.

Key Takeaway: Complex spinal fusion procedures that involve hardware like pedicle screws show the severity of the injury. These surgeries carry long recovery times and strengthen the case for higher compensation.

This will close in 0 seconds

$490,000 | Rear-End Collision | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client was stopped at a red light when the defendant hit the back of his vehicle. He suffered injuries to his neck, back, right shoulder, and head.

Injuries: Neck, back, right shoulder, and head injuries

Treatment: Eight epidural steroid injections, one surgical procedure

Experts Retained: Orthopedic surgeon, pain management physician, billing expert

Outcome: Settlement of $490,000.

Key Takeaway: A high number of epidural injections before surgery shows the full course of conservative treatment was tried first. This pattern strengthens the argument that surgery was medically necessary.

This will close in 0 seconds

$487,000 | Rear-End Collision (Husband & Wife) | Bergen County, NJ

A husband and wife were stopped in traffic when the defendant rear-ended their vehicle. Both suffered multiple disc herniations and bulges to their necks and backs.

Injuries: Multiple disc herniations and bulges (cervical and lumbar, both victims)

Treatment: Seven epidural steroid injections and two surgical procedures (combined)

Experts Retained: Orthopedic surgeon, pain management physician

Outcome: Settlement of $487,000.

Key Takeaway: Married couples injured in the same crash can file combined claims. Presenting a unified case with consistent medical records for both spouses strengthens negotiations.

This will close in 0 seconds

$475,000 | Rear-End Collision | Middlesex County, NJ

The defendant struck the rear of our client’s vehicle while it was traveling straight. Our client suffered severe neck and back injuries along with post-concussive syndrome and worsening migraines.

Injuries: Severe neck and low back injuries, post-concussive syndrome, aggravation of migraines

Treatment: Four epidural steroid injections, one surgical procedure

Experts Retained: Neurosurgeon, billing expert

Outcome: Settlement of $475,000.

Key Takeaway: Post-concussive syndrome adds a traumatic brain injury component to spinal injury cases. This combination of physical and neurological damage increases the case value.

This will close in 0 seconds

$468,000 | Slip and Fall on Wet Floor in Store | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client slipped and fell on a puddle of water inside a store. She suffered a severe ACL rupture in her right knee and needed three complex surgeries to repair the damage.

Injuries: ACL rupture and sprain in right knee

Treatment: Two epidural steroid injections, three complex surgical procedures on right knee

Experts Retained: Liability expert, orthopedic surgeon

Outcome: Settlement of $468,402.

Key Takeaway: Stores have a duty to clean up spills and warn customers of wet floors. A liability expert can prove the store knew or should have known about the water hazard. ACL tears requiring multiple surgeries show the severity of the damage.

This will close in 0 seconds

$450,000 | Trucking Accident | New Jersey

Trucking Accident

SETTLEMENT

This will close in 0 seconds

$450,000 | Dog Attack on Sidewalk | Middlesex County, NJ

Our client was walking along a sidewalk toward her workplace when the defendant’s dog savagely mauled her. The attack caused deep lacerations to her right calf, irreversible scarring, muscle atrophy, and nerve damage.

Injuries: Deep laceration and irreversible scarring of posterior right calf, decreased sensation, muscle atrophy over bite wound, nerve damage

Treatment: Multiple steroid and trigger point injections into right calf, excision and exploration for saphenous nerve, scar tissue removal

Experts Retained: Plastic surgeon, pain management physician

Outcome: Settlement of $450,000.

Key Takeaway: Dog attacks causing nerve damage and muscle atrophy show permanent functional impairment beyond just scarring. Nerve exploration surgery demonstrates the depth and severity of the bite injuries.

This will close in 0 seconds

$450,000 | Multi-Vehicle Collision | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client was stopped at a red light near an intersection when a tractor trailer struck another vehicle, which then slammed into our client’s stopped car. The chain reaction caused severe spinal and elbow injuries.

Injuries: Severe cervical and lumbar spine injuries, left elbow injury

Treatment: Six epidural steroid injections, two surgical procedures

Experts Retained: Two orthopedic surgeons, billing expert

Outcome: Settlement of $450,000.

Key Takeaway: In multi-vehicle chain reaction crashes, the original at-fault driver can be held responsible for all downstream injuries. Even if your car was not directly hit by the negligent driver, you still have a claim.

This will close in 0 seconds

$412,500 | Rear-End Collision | Ocean County, NJ

Our client was stopped in traffic when the defendant slammed into the rear of his vehicle. He suffered disc injuries on both his lumbar and cervical spine and needed extensive treatment.

Injuries: Lumbar disc bulging and herniations, cervical disc herniations

Treatment: Sixteen epidural steroid injections, cervical discectomy

Experts Retained: Billing expert, neurosurgeon

Outcome: Settlement of $412,500.

Key Takeaway: Sixteen epidural injections before surgery paints a clear picture of chronic, persistent pain. A well-documented treatment history makes it harder for insurance companies to downplay the severity of injuries.

This will close in 0 seconds

$410,000 | Rear-End Collision During Left Turn | Middlesex County, NJ

Our client was attempting a left turn when the defendant struck the rear of her vehicle. She suffered disc injuries on both her cervical and lumbar spine plus a right shoulder impingement.

Injuries: Cervical disc bulges and herniations, lumbar disc bulges, cervical radiculopathy, right shoulder impingement

Treatment: Three epidural steroid injections, one neck surgery

Experts Retained: Billing expert, orthopedic surgeon

Outcome: Settlement of $410,000.

Key Takeaway: Shoulder injuries on top of spinal injuries show the wide-reaching impact of a single collision. Multiple injury sites across different body regions increase the overall case value.

This will close in 0 seconds

$400,000 | School Bus Passenger Collision | Monmouth County, NJ

Our client was a passenger on a school bus when the defendant made an improper left turn off a ramp and struck the bus. He suffered spinal injuries, a shoulder tear, and chronic migraines.

Injuries: Cervical disc bulging, lumbar disc herniations, lumbar radiculopathy, left shoulder tear, constant migraines

Treatment: Three epidural steroid injections, one shoulder surgery

Experts Retained: Chiropractor, pain management physician, ophthalmologist, billing expert

Outcome: Settlement of $400,000.

Key Takeaway: Bus passengers injured by a negligent third-party driver can file personal injury claims. The bus operator and the at-fault driver may both share liability depending on the circumstances.

This will close in 0 seconds

$400,000 | Rear-End Collision | Morris County, NJ

Our client was driving straight when the defendant struck the rear of her vehicle. She suffered multiple disc injuries across her cervical and lumbar spine, constant migraines, and anxiety.

Injuries: Cervical and lumbar disc bulges and herniations, lumbar and cervical radiculopathy, left shoulder impingement, constant migraines, anxiety

Treatment: Twelve epidural steroid injections, left shoulder arthroscopy

Experts Retained: Neurosurgeon, neurologist, neuropsychologist, orthopedic surgeon

Outcome: Settlement of $400,000.

Key Takeaway: Anxiety and migraines caused by a car accident are compensable injuries. Retaining a neuropsychologist to document the psychological impact can add significant value to the claim.

This will close in 0 seconds

$400,000 | Improper Left Turn Collision | Middlesex County, NJ

The defendant made an improper left turn into our client’s lane, causing a severe collision. Our client suffered disc herniations across his cervical, lumbar, and thoracic spine plus a shoulder impingement.

Injuries: Disc herniations on cervical, lumbar, and thoracic spine, cervical disc bulges, left shoulder impingement, lumbosacral radiculopathy

Treatment: Four epidural steroid injections, two lumbar spine surgical procedures

Experts Retained: Orthopedic surgeon, billing expert

Outcome: Settlement of $400,000.

Key Takeaway: Drivers who make improper left turns bear clear fault for the crash. Strong liability combined with documented injuries across multiple spinal regions supports a solid six-figure settlement.

This will close in 0 seconds